Grade XII (Meanings into Words Unit 1-5)

 Meanings into Words (Class 12, Note)

Meanings into Words

Upper-Intermediate

Class: XII (Science / Management / Education/ Arts)

Unit: 1

1.6. New Experience

Structure:

1.  This is the first time + sub + has/have + ever + V3 + obj.

2.   Sub + has/have +never + V3 + obj + before.

3.   Sub + is/am/are + not + used to + V4 + obj.

Exercise: Continue the remarks below in three different ways as in the following example:

Example: I can’t get to sleep…

a) This is the first time I have ever slept in a tent.

b) I have never flown at night before.

c) I’m not used to having siestas.

Exercise

1. My feet are killing me.

a)      This is the first time I have ever walked such a long distance.

b)      I have never climbed hill before.

c)      I am not used to walking such a long distance.

2. God, this is embarrassing….

a) This is the first time I have been invited to give a speech on the stage.

b) I have never failed in my exam before.

c) I am not used to talking with the foreigners.

3. Do you think you could slow down a little?...

            a) This is the first time I have ever felt giddy in a car.

            b) I have never travelled in such a high-speed train before.

            c) I am not used to traveling on motorbike at night.

4. She is feeling terribly nervous….

            a) This is the first time she has ever failed in exam.

            b) She has never scolded by her father before.

            c) She is not used to dancing on the stage.

5. Hold my hand, will you?...

            a) This is the first time I have ever climbed the hill.

            b) I have never crossed the river before.

            c) I am not used to crossing such busy road.

6. He is absolutely delighted…

            a) This is the first time he has ever got distinction in the exam.

            b) He has never got first prize before.

            c) He is not used to getting highest mark in his class.

7. I hope they get there all right…

            a) This is the first time they have visited Mugu.

            b) They have never reached at Dolpa before.

            c) They are not used to climbing mountain.

Unit: 2

2.1. Judging from appearances

Rules:

1. Adjective = look

                            Sub + look (S) + adj.

2. Noun = look like

            Sub + look(S) like + noun.

3. Clause (Sub+V+obj) = look as if / look as though

            Sub + look(S) as if /look(S) as though + clause.

Q. Make sentences using look, look like, look as if /look as though

1. [ It is about a man. So the subject is “He”]

a) he needs a wash

        He looks as if he heeds a wash.

b) rather aggressive

        He looks rather aggressive.

c) a tramp

        He looks like a tramp.

d) angry

        He looks angry.

e) he is going to start a fight

        He looks as if he is going to start a fight.

2. [ It is about a machine. So the subject is “it”]

a) terribly complicated

        It looks terribly complicated.

b) it cost a lot

        It looks as if it cost a lot.

c) very elegant

        It looks very elegant.

d) something from outer space.

        It looks like something from outer space.

e) it gives excellent reproduction

        It looks as if it gives excellent reproduction.

3. [ It is about two people. So the subject is “they”]

a) a honeymoon couple

        They look like a honeymoon couple.

b) they are celebrating

        The look as if they are celebrating.

c) they’re in love

        They look as if they are in love.

d) happy

        They look happy.

e) they have just had some good news

        They look as if they have just had some good news.

2.2. Looks as if & looks as though.

Look at the following example and complete the flowing exercise.

Example: You see a man lying on the ground in a pool of blood.

                        He looks as if he has just been shot.

                        He looks as if he is seriously wounded.

                        He looks as if he’s about to die.

1. You see a girl standing on the seashore, staring into the water.

            She looks as if she has lost her ring.

            She looks as if she is watching fish

            She looks as if she is about to commit suicide.

2. You see a man lying on the floor, laughing.

            He looks as if he is mad.

            He looks as if he has drunk beer.

            He looks as if he is going to act on a play.

3. You see a woman whose cloths are soaked and she is sneezing.

            She looks as if she has just bathed.

            She looks as if she is walking in rain.

            She looks as if she is about to change her cloths.

4. You see a man lying underneath a car.

            He looks as if he is a thief.

            He looks as if has escaped from a jail.

            He looks as if he is going to hide something.

5. You see someone climbing through a window.

            He looks as if he is a thief.

            He looks as if he has lost his key.

            He looks as if he is about to clean his window.

Now try these:

Eye = look as if

Ear = sound as if

Nose = smell as if

Skin = feel as if

Mouth = taste as if

6) You can hear people singing next door.

-They sound as if they are dancing.

7) When you open the door of your flat, there is a strong smell of smoke.

It smells as if someone is smoking.

8) When you touch your writing desk, you notice it is sticky.

It feels as if someone has spilt gum on it.

9) When you drink a glass of water, you realize it certainly isn’t ordinary drinking water.

It tastes as if it is lemon water.

2.3. General Impression: SEEM

Rule:

1.      Is/ am/are = Sub + Seem (s) to + be + obj

2.      don’t /doesn’t = Sub + don’t /doesn’t + seem to + V1 + obj.

3.      Isn’t = Sub + doesn’t + seem to +be + obj.

Seem to +V1      (He, She, It =Seems to)

                             (I, we, you, they = Seem to)

                             (don’t /doesn’t = Seem to)

            Is = be

            Are = be

            Am = be

            V5 = V1          (Watches = watch)

            V1 = V1

            Has = have

            Have = have

            V2 = have +V3

Q. Change the sentences using SEEM.

a) He is very friendly.

        He seems to be very friendly.

b) He isn’t very rich.

        He doesn’t seem to be very rich.

c) He’s happily married.

        He seems to be happily married.

d) He’s some kind of businessman.

        He seems to be some kind of businessman.

e) He doesn’t spend much tome out of doors,

        He doesn’t seem to spend much time out of doors.

f) He watches television a lot.

        He seems to watch television a lot.

g) He has lived a very interesting life.

        He seems to have lived a very interesting life.

 

Q. Rewrite the following sentences using Seem.

1. He never stops to chat with you if you have got your dog with you.

        He seems to be afraid of dogs.

2. His front garden always looks a bit neglected.

        He seems to be lazy.

3. There are African masks on the wall of his sitting room.

        He seems to have visited Africa at once.

4. The postman always delivers a lot of letters with foreign stamps to his house.

        He seems to know many people in foreign countries.

5. You only see his children during the school holidays.

        They seem to be at a boarding school.

6. He usually carries a walking stick when he goes out.

        He seems to be a lame person.

2.6 Guessing Age

Tender age:  0-12 years/Teen age: 13-19 years/ Twenties: 20-29 years/ Thirties: 30-39 years/ Forties: 40-49 years/ Fifties: 50-59 years, and so on.

Early-mid-late/ Early twenties: 20, 21, 22, 23/ Mid-twenties: 24, 25, 26/ Late Twenties: 27, 28, 29

Q. Say approximately when these people were born and then decide what age they are now.

1. Richard 1930/3

Richard was born in the early thirties

He is now in his late seventies.

2. Alan 1964/5

Alan was born in the mid-sixties.

He is now in his late thirties.

3. Susan 1895/1905

Susan was born sometime during the decade 1895 to 1905.

He is now in his hundred above.

4. Jan 1928/9

Jane was born in the late twenties.

She is now in her mid-seventies.

5. Alison 1941/3

Alison was born in the early forties.

He is now in his late fifties.

6. Geraldine 1960/1

Geraldine was born in the early sixties.

She is now in her early fifties.

Q. Now work out these people’s approximate ages.

1. Mike started school in 1947.

Mike is in his mid sixties.

2. Albert Smith fought in the First World War.

Albert is over one hundred years.

3. Christine isn’t quite old enough to vote yet.

She is in her early teen.

4. Fred will be retiring in a couple of years’ time.

He is in his early sixties.

5. My landlady doesn’t look old, but she has grandchildren.

 She is in her early sixties.

6. Mary just remembers the Second World War.

She is in her early sixties.

7. Brenda’s been teaching for 25 years.

She is in her early fifties.

Unit: 3

Join the following sentences together using a non-defining relative clause.

1.   Phil was an excellent driver.

        Phil’s forehead was covered in sweat.

·      Phil, whose forehead was covered in sweat, was an excellent driver.

2.    Julia hadn’t wanted to come in the first place.

        The Admiral had entrusted the papers to Julia.

·      Julia, to whom the Admiral had entrusted the papers, hadn’t wanted to come in the first place.

3.    Alex had closed his eyes.

        It had been Alex’s idea to come.

        The success of the whole mission depended on Alex.

·      Alex, on whom the success of the whole mission depended, which had been his idea to come, had closed his eyes.

4.    Alex had just taken the gun out of his pocket.

        Alex never went anywhere without his gun.

·       Alex, who never went anywhere without his gun, had closed his eyes.

5.    The dog was sitting facing the back window.

        The dog loved travelling in fast car.

·       The dog, which loved travelling in fast car, was sitting facing the back window.

6.    The truck was gaining on them all the time.

        They were trying so desperately to escape from the truck.

        A light machinegun was clearly visible on the truck.

·The truck, on which a light machine gun was clearly visible, from where they were trying so desperately to escape, was gaining on them all the time.

3.6 Background Information

Add an appropriate relative clause to these sentences.

1.    I couldn’t wait to get back to Venice,…….

        I couldn’t wait to get back to Venice, where Neelam had been waiting for me.

2.    At last they managed to repair the telephone……

        At last they managed to repair the telephone, which had been disconnected.

3.    The teacher,…………. , turned round suddenly.

        The teacher, who was writing on the blackboard, turned round suddenly.

4.    I eventually found the letter, ………., in my jacket pocket.

        I eventually found the letter, which my friend had written to me, in my jacket pocket.

5.    When I came back, I found that my car, …………, had disappeared.

        When I came back, I found that my car, which I had parked outside, had disappeared.

6.    We were all very grateful to Richard, ……….

        We were all very grateful to Richard, who had helped us.

Unit: 4

4.2 Verbs and Adjectives

Q. Write the adjectival form of the verbs below.

Rule: 1. Remember that only three verbs could be changed into adjective by adding “ive”

           2. All the other verbs should be made into adjectives by adding “ing”.

           3. Beware! You should not put the letter “e” at the end of the word while adding “ing”.

           4. Sometimes we should write double the last letter while adding “ing” as in “upsetting”.

           5. “Offend”, the word becomes “offensive”

IVE

Verbs                          Adjectives

Impress                         impressive

*offend                         offensive

attract                           attractive

ING

Verbs                          Adjectives                  

excite                           exciting

interest                        interesting

irritate                          irritating

confuse                        confusing

shock                            shocking

*upset                          upsetting

surprise                        surprising

astonish                       astonishing

amuse                          amusing

4.4. If there is one thing

Rules:

1.  Sentences begins with People = [If there is one thing + that (attitude)s me + its + people who…]

2.  Sentences begin with you = [If there is one thing + I (attitude) + its people who…….]

Annoy me, upset me, make me angry,

I hate, I detest, I loathe

Q. Rewrite the following sentences using ‘If there is one thing……’

1. People who smoke in restaurants annoy me.

If there is one thing that annoys me it’s people who smoke in restaurants.

2. People who are cruel to animals upset me.

If there is one thing that upsets me it’s people who are cruel to animals.

3. People who break promises make me angry.

If there is one thing that makes me angry it’s people who break promises.

4. I hate people who smoke in restaurants.

If there is one thing I hate it’s people who smoke in restaurants.

5. I detest people who interrupt when I am speaking.

If there is one thing I detest it’s people who interrupt when I am speaking.

6. I loathe people who ring me up early in the morning.

If there is one thing I loathe it’s people who ring me up early in the morning.

4.7 Judging character

How would you describe a person who……

1. gives away lots of money                        = generous

2. never buys you a drink                            = mean/stingy

3. easily loses his temper                            = bad-tempered/hot-tempered

4. never loses his temper                            = calm

5. helps other people                                   =helpful

6. only thinks about himself                       = selfish

7. jokes about everything                           = cheerful/funny

8. doesn’t joke about anything                  = serious

9. expects good things to happen              = optimistic

10. expects bad things to happen              = pessimistic

11. believes whatever you tell him            = gullible

12. doubts what you tell him                      = skeptical

13. worries about what people think        = sensitive

14. doesn’t care what people think           = insensitive

15. likes going to parties                              = sociable/outgoing

16. doesn’t like going to parties                 = shy/ reserved

17. lets people down                                    = unreliable

18. doesn’t let people down                       = reliable

19. has a high opinion himself                    = vain

20. doesn’t boast                                          = modest                     

Unit: 5

5.1 How long….

Rules:

1. Activities: if the action is not complete and the actor could not show his achievement, that is activity.

            Question: How long did + sub + v1 +obj + for?

            Prepositions:    Period of time = for

                                    Point of time = until

2. Achievement: If the action is complete and the actor could show his/her achievement what he/she had done, that is achievement.

            Question: How long did it take + sub (objective form) + to + v1 + obj?      

[he = him, she = her, they = them, I = you]

            Prepositions:    Period of time = in

                                    Point of time = by

Practice:

a)      Ask the question with “How long……?”

b)      Answer it, using the words in brackets.

1.They talked on the telephone. (20 minutes)

               How long did they talk on the telephone for?

               They talked on the telephone for 20 minutes.

2. She painted the bathroom ceiling. (6 o’ clock)

               How did it take her to paint the bathroom ceiling?

               She painted the bathroom ceiling by 6 o’ clock.

3. We played golf on Sunday. (dusk)

               How long did you play golf on Sunday for?

               We played golf on Sunday until dusk.

4. He mowed the lawn.(ten minutes)

               How long did it take him to mow the lawn?

               He mowed the lawn in ten mi mutes.

5. I wrote all my letters. (lunchtime)

               How long did it take you to write all your letters?

               I wrote all my letters by lunchtime.

6. We had to change the wheel. (five minutes)

               How long did it take you to change the wheel?

               We had to change the wheel in five minutes.

7. He watched television. (late movie came on)

               How long did he watch television for?

               He watched television until late movie came on.

8. I read the whole War and Peace. (two weeks)

               How long did it take you to read the whole War and piece?

               I read the whole War and Peace in two weeks.

9. She did some piano practice. (bedtime)

               How long did she do some piano practice for?

               She did some piano practice until bedtime.

10.  She waited at the bus top. (ages)

               How long did she wait at the bus stop for?

               She waited at the bus stop for ages.

5.3 Longer Than You Expected

        Rules:

1.      Result in negative past + for/until + (Time)

2.      It was + (time) + before + result in positive past.

or

Sub + didn’t + v1 + object + for/until + (Time)

It was + (time) + before + Sub + v2 + obj.

Complete the sentences.

1. I wrote to my mother by airmail, but in fact….. ( two weeks)

       She didn’t get the letter for two weeks.

        It was two weeks before the letter reached her.

2. I intended to have an early night but as it happened …. (midnight)

                I didn’t get to sleep till midnight.

       It was midnight before I got to sleep.

3. I said he could borrow the record for a few days, but  …(six week)

        He didn’t give it back for six weeks.

        It was six weeks before he gave it back to me.

4. It was supposed to be a short meeting, but…. (three hours)

         It didn’t finish for three hours.

         It was three hours before it finished.

5. She set us some homework for Monday, but as I was away for the weekend…. (Tuesday)

          I didn’t finish it till Tuesday.

          It was Tuesday before I finished it.

6. He was invited to dinner but typically….. (after 9 o’clock)

          He didn’t arrive till after 9 o’ clock.

          It was 9 o’ clock before he arrived.

7. The job was supposed to take three weeks, but unfortunately, …….(nearly two months)

       They didn’t finish it for nearly two months.

       It was nearly two months before they finished it.

I am very happy and so grateful to take the name of Dr. Ramesh Adhikari. It is possible to keep all the notes within this very short period because of his creation of the blog. I took support from there to help the students of grade XII who are at the door of the examination.