Grade XII (Meanings into Words Unit 11-15)

 Meanings into Words

Upper-Intermediate

Class: XII (Science / Management / Education/ Arts)

Unit: 11

Q. Change the following sentences using “When” instead of ‘and’ or ‘but’.

1. She peeled the banana and gave it to the baby.

Ans: When she had peeled the banana, she gave it to the baby.

2. I looked in the fridge and found some sausages.

Ans: When I looked in the fridge, I found some sausages.

3. The security man searched our hand baggage and we boarded the plane.

Ans: When the security men had searched our hand baggage, we boarded the plane.

4. He kicked the dog and it barked.

Ans: When he kicked the dog, it barked.

5. I went to the duty free shop and bought a cartoon of Gauloises.

Ans: When I went to the duty free shop, I bought a cartoon of Gauloises.

6. The plane took off and the stewardess came round with orange juice.

Ans: When the plane had taken off, the stewardess came round with orange juice.

7. He drank the coffee and asked for another cup.

Ans: When he had drunk the coffee, he asked for another cup.

8. I paid my bill and left the restaurant.

Ans: When I had paid my bill, I left the restaurant.

9. He put his foot on the brake but nothing happened.

Ans: When he put his foot on the brake, nothing happened.

10. I read the letter and threw it into the wastepaper basket.

Ans: When I had read the letter, I threw it into the wastepaper basket.

11. I read his autobiography and discovered what a strange person he had been.

Ans: When I had read his autobiography, I discovered what a strange person he had been.

 

Q. change the sentences below using as soon as.

1. They saw the house and immediately fell in love with it.

Ans: As soon as they saw the house, they fell in love with it.

2. I wrote the letter and posted it straight away.

Ans: As soon as I had written the letter, I posted it straight away.

3. He got his exam results and immediately rang up his parents.

Ans: As soon as she had got his exam results, he rang up his parents.

4. The train passed and immediately the crossing barrier went up.

Ans: As soon as the train had passed, the crossing barrier went up.

5. He got married again immediately after his wife’s death.

Ans: As soon as his wife had died, he got married again.

6. He left the house straight after breakfast.

Ans: As soon as he had taken his breakfast, he left the house.

7. I looked into her eyes and knew immediately that she was she girl for me.

Ans: As soon as I looked into her eyes, I knew that she was the girl for me.

 

Q. Decide whether the person did things in right order and say what happened as a result.

1. resigned/found another job                        (W. O.)                       

            A: He didn’t find another job before he resigned.

            B: He resigned before he had found another job.

            C: He became jobless.

2. Checked his change/left the shop               (R. O)

            A: He checked his change before he left the shop

            B: He didn’t leave the shop until he had checked his change.

            C: He was not deceived.

3. Started driving the car/insured it               (W.O)

            A: He didn’t insure the car before he started driving it.

            B: He started driving the car before he had insured it.

            C: He had an accident.

4. signed the contract/read it             (W. O.)

            A: He didn’t read the contract before he signed it.

            B: He signed the contract before he had read it.

            C: He was cheated.

5. had a good breakfast/set out                      (R. O.)

            A: He had a good breakfast before he set out.

            B: He didn’t set out until he had a good breakfast.

            C: He was no longer hungry.

6. fastened her seat belt/drove off      (R. O.)

            A: She fastened her seat belt before she drove off.

            B: She didn’t drive off until she had fastened her seat belt.

            C: She was safe in the accident.

7. wiped his feet/came in         (R. O.)

            A: He wiped his feet before he came in.

            B; He didn’t come in until he had wiped his feet.

            C: He kept his room clean.

 

Q. Develop the sentences below as the expression of unexpected events.

1.  The audience came out of the cinema…..

            a) The audience had only just come out of the cinema when the building collapsed.

            b) No sooner had the audience come out of the cinema than the building collapsed.

2. I reached the shore…..

            a) I had only just reached the shore when the storm broke out.

            b) No sooner had I reached the shore than the storm broke out.

3. I left the island….

            a) I had only just left the island when the volcano erupted.

            b) No sooner had I left the island than the volcano erupted.

4. I changed all my dollars into sterling…

            a) I had only just changed all my dollars into sterling when the value of dollars went down.

            b) No sooner had I changed all my dollars into sterling than the value of dollars went down.

5. We got the harvest in…

            a) We had only just got the harvest in when it started raining.

            b) No sooner had we got the harvest in than it started raining.

6. She insured the painting….

            a) She had only just insured the painting when it was stolen.

            b) No sooner had she insured the painting than it was stolen.

7. I sold my house……

            a) I had only just sold my house when it collapsed.

            b) No sooner had I sold my house than it collapsed.

 

Unit: 12

Write the other nouns in the table.

            Expensive                    price

            Deep                            depth

            High/tall                      height

            Wide                            width

            Thick                           thickness

            Long                            length

            Heavy                         weight

            Fast                             speed

Now change these sentences below into comparative sentences using: a) than b) as….as

1. The exam is not usually very difficult, but this year it was quite tough.

            a) The exam was tougher this year than it usually is.

            b) This year the exam wasn’t as easy as it usually is.

2. I had imagined my landlady would be in her fifties, but she turned out to be thirty.

            a) My landlady is younger than I had imagined her to be.

            b) My landlady isn’t as old as I have imagined her to be.

3. His parents would like him to work hard, but he doesn’t.

            a) His parents would like him to work harder than he does.

            b) He doesn’t work as hard as his parents would like him to do.

4. The washing machine makes a lot of noise, although it used to be fairly quiet.

            a) The washing machine is nosier than it used to be.

            b) The washing machine isn’t as quiet as it used to be.

5. You said I would enjoy the film, but in fact I didn’t like it much

            a) I enjoy the film less than you said I would do.

            b) I didn’t enjoy the film as much as you said I would do.

6. I had hoped to do quite a lot of work today, but I have only managed to do a little.

            a) I have done less work today than I had hoped to do.

            b) I haven’t done as much work today as I have hoped to do.

7. They could have helped me a lot, but in fact they hardly helped me at all.

            a) They helped me far less than they could have done.

            b) They didn’t help me as much as they could have done.

8. I hadn’t expected her to be very angry, but in fact she was absolutely furious.

            a) She was much more furious than I had expected her to be.

            b) She wasn’t as quiet as I had expected her to be.

9. Fifty people had been invited, but eighty came.

            a) Far more people came than we had invited.

            b) People didn’t come as few as we had invited.

 

Unit: 13

Q. Join the following remarks using when.

1. arrive/border          -           show/passport

            When you arrive at the border, you have to show your passport.

            When you have shown your passport, you can go ahead.

2. water/boil                -           pour/teapot

            When you boil the water, you have to pour it into the teapot.

            When you have poured it into the teapot, you put some sugar in it.

3. turn off/light                       -           change/bulb

            When you turn off the light, you have to change the bulb.

            When you have changed the bulb, you turn on the light.

4. turn on/gas              -           light/gas

            When you turn on the gas, you have to light the gas.

            When you have lit the gas, you can cook your food.

5. meet/stranger                     -           shake/hands

            When you meet the stranger, you have to shake hands.

            When you have shook hands, you introduce yourself.

6. eat/meal                  -           pay/bill

            When you eat meal, you have to pay the bill.

            When you have paid the bill, you come out from the hotel

 

We should put the work before which we have to do first. If the work is in wrong order we should replace it.

1. wind the film on/close the camera

            a) You should close the camera before you wind the film on.

            b) You shouldn’t wind the film on until you have closed the camera.

            c) Otherwise the film might be damaged.

2. wind the film on /take a picture

            a) You should wind the film on before you take a picture

            b) you should take a picture until you have wound the film on.

            c) Otherwise you might ruin the picture.

3. read the label/wash a blouse

            a) You should read the label before you wash a blouse.

            b) You shouldn’t wash a blouse, until you have read the label.

            c) Otherwise you might damage it.

4. turn off the mains/change the fuse

            a) You should turn off the mains before you change the fuse.

            b) You shouldn’t change the fuse until you have turned off the mains.

            c)  Otherwise you might get an electric shock.

5. pay the bill/check it

            a) You should check the bill before you pay it.

            b) You shouldn’t pay the bill until you have paid it.

            c) Otherwise you might pay more.

6. bandage a wound/ clean it

            a) You should clean a wound before you bandage it.

            b) You shouldn’t bandage a wound until you have cleaned it.

            c) Otherwise you might get an infection.

7. listen the weather forecast/go sailing

            a) You should listen the weather forecast, before you go siling.

             b) You shouldn’t go sailing until you have listened the weather forecast.

            c) Otherwise you might get weight.

8. Buy your girlfriend a ring/ask her to marry you

            a) You should ask your girlfriend to marry you before you buy her a ring.

            b) You shouldn’t buy your girlfriend a ring until you have asked her to marry you.

            c) Otherwise it might be useless.

 

All the verbs describe the changes of state. Which of them are used for talking about:

1.      Changes in size?                   = expand contract, shrink, stretch, swell

2.      Solids become liquids?        = melt, dissolve

3.      Liquids become solids?       = set, freeze, congeal

4.      Liquids become gas?           = evaporate

5.      gases become liquid/            =condense

 

What happens when you……..

1. Put a lump of ice in glass of lemonade.

It melts.

2. leave a pullover in a hot water

It shrinks

3. leave liquid cement on the ground.

It sets

4. leave a bowl of water outside in the sun.

It evaporates

5. leave a bowl of water outsides the south pole.

It freezes

6. leave a bowl of hot water in front of a mirror.

It condenses

7. put some lump of sugar in your coffee.

It dissolves

8. blow into a balloon.

It expands

9. pour cold water onto hot metal.    

It contracts

10. leave rice in a bowl of water

It swells

11. fill a bowl with blood and leave it.

It congeals.

 

Unit: 14

Q. Change the sentences below, using sure to, certain to, bound to, likely to and unlikely to:

Rules:

1. I’m sure = Sure to

2. Will certainly, will definitely = bound to /certain to

3. Will/will probably/ I I expect + will = likely to

4. probably won’t/ won’t, /I doubt if = unlikely to

Structure:

           Sub +is/am/are + (sure to/certain to/bound to/likely to/unlikely to) +V1 +Obj.

1. The price of bread will definitely go up within a few weeks.

Ans: The price of bread is bound to go up within a few weeks.

2. There will probably be more fighting in the capital.

Ans: There is likely to be more fighting in the capital.

3. He probably won’t arrive.

Ans: He is unlikely to arrive.

4. I expect there’ll be lots of people at the meeting.

Ans: There is likely to be lots of people at the meeting.

5. I doubt if the miners will go on strike.

Ans: The miners are unlikely to go on strike.

6. There probably won’t much snow this winter.

Ans: There is unlikely to be much snow this winter.

7. There will definitely be a few tickets left.

Ans: There are certainly to be few tickets left.

8. I doubt if they will move this summer.

Ans: They are unlikely to move this summer.

9. I’m sure a new chairman will be appointed soon.

Ans: A new chairman is sure to be appointed soon.

10. The government probably won’t make the wearing of seat belts compulsory.

Ans: The government is unlikely to make the wearing of seat belts compulsory.

11. In ten years’ time everyone will have a digital watch.

Ans: In ten years time everyone is likely to have a digital watch.

12. By the end of the century, cars will probably be obsolete.

Ans: By the ten years’ time, cars are likely to be obsolete.

 

14.2 Precaution

 

1. Do you think I should reserve a table?

A: Do you think I should reserve a table?

B: Yes, you should- the restaurant is likely to be full.

C: There is no point in – there are unlikely to be many people there.

2. I suppose I could try to get a bank loan.

A: I suppose I could try to get a bank loan.

B: Yes, you could – you are likely to start a new business.

C: There is no point in – you are very unlikely to get a bank loan

3. I was thinking of inviting her out to dinner.

A: I was thinking of inviting her out to dinner

B: Yes, you should – she is sure to accept it.

C: There is no point in – she is unlikely to accept your invitation.

4. Shall we take sandwiches?

A: Shall we take sandwiches?

B: Yes, you should – you are unlikely to get other things to eat.

C: There is no point in – there are likely to be many other things.

5.  Do you think I should apply?

A: Do you think I should apply?

B: Yes, you should – you are sure to get the job.

C: There is no point – there are likely to be hundreds of applicant.

6. Do you think I should buy some spare batteries?

A: Do you think I should buy some spare batteries?

B: Yes, you should – you are likely to walk in the dark.

C: There is no point – these batteries are unlikely to be finished.

7. May be I should get some malaria tablets before I go.

A: May be I should get some malaria tablets before I go.

B: Yes, you should – there are likely to many mosquitos.

C: There is no point – there are likely to be many hospitals.

 

Unit: 15

Change the following sentences using supposed to.                                                        

Structure: [Sub + is/am/are + supposed to + V1 + object.]

1. Apparently elephants have very long memories.

Ans: Elephants are supposed to have very long memories

2. People say it is unlucky to walk under a ladder.

 Ans: It is supposed to be unlucky to walk under a ladder.

3. They say there is a monster in Loch Ness.

 Ans: There is supposed to be a monster in Loch Ness.

4. Apparently Marilyn Monroe was insomniac.

Ans: Marilyn Monroe is supposed to have been insomniac.

5. I am told that garlic stops you catching cold.

Ans: Garlic is supposed to stop you catching cold.

6. Apparently Venice is slowly sinking into the sea.

Ans: Venice is supposed to be slowly sinking into the sea.

7. I’m told that he was a lorry driver at one time.

Ans: He is supposed to have been a lorry driver at one time.

8. They say Methuselah lived for more than 300 years.

Ans: Methuselah is supposed to have lived for more than 300 years.

9. I have heard that student grants are going up next year.

Ans: Student grants are supposed to be going up next year.

10. People say she was born on board a ship.

Ans: She is supposed to have been born on board a ship.

11. They say the universe is expanding all the time.

Ans: The universe is supposed to be expanding all the time.

 

Q. Answer threes questions using supposed to, apparently, I hear, I’m told, people say, they say.

1. Do you know if Alsatians make good pets?

Ans: Alsatians are supposed to make good pets.

2. What does it feel like to be hypnotized?

Ans: I hear it feels great to be hypnotized.

3. I am thinking of going to see (name of film). Do you know what it is like?

Ans: People say The Bodyguard is a boring film.

4. I wonder what is happening in (name of country in the news)?

Ans: I hear that people are dying in Japan.

5. What do you think (famous person) is like as a person?

Ans: People say he was a far-sighted leader.

6. I wonder what it’s like to actually live in Hollywood?

Ans: They say it is expensive to live in Hollywood.

7. Do you know anything about life in Ancient Greece?

Ans: Life in Ancient Greece is supposed to have been interesting.

 

Q. Here are some more pieces of information that he has found out. Report them in the same way.

 It is +V3 + that + sentence.

1. Some people report that the American Government is worried about the situation.

Ans: It is reported that the American Government is worried about the situation.

2. Sources estimate that more than 100 people have died in the past two days.

Ans: It is estimated that more than 100 people have died in the past two days.

3. Everyone knows that the rebels’ weapons came across the border by road.

Ans: It is known that the rebels’ weapons came across the border by road.

4. A lot of people believe that the President is about to resign.

Ans: It is believed that the President is about to resign.

5. People say that the rebels are winning.

Ans: It is said that the rebels are winning.

6. Some sources allege that both sides have tortured prisoners.

Ans: It is alleged that both sides have tortured prisoners.

 

I am very happy and so grateful to take the name of Dr. Ramesh Adhikari. It is possible to keep all the notes within this very short period because of his creation of the blog. I took support from there to help the students of grade XII who are at the door of the examination.