Unit 14 History and Civilization
Reading II
Look at the
pictures and answer the following questions.
a.
What are these currencies?
b.
What would happen if we didn't have money?
Answer:
a.
They are coins
and note currencies of Nepali rupees and American dollar.
b.
If we didn’t have money, we cannot purchase
anything.
The History
of Money (page 178)
A. Find
the words from the text above that have the following meanings.
a.
r……… the
period during which a king, queen, emperor, etc. rules
b.
p……… to
happen before something
c.
r……… to
control something by means of rules
d.
c……… simply
and without much skill or attention to detail
e.
f……… to
form a border around something
f.
l……… something
that somebody has done successfully
g.
f……… an
official order given by somebody in authority
h.
s……… free
to govern itself; completely independent
i.
i……… belonging
naturally; essential
Answer:
a.
regime
b.
precede
c.
reign
d.
crudely
e.
fringe
f.
legacy
g.
fiat
h.
sovereign
i.
intrinsic
B. Complete
the table below with the correct information about the development of money.
|
Timeline |
Events |
|
1200 BCE |
cowrie shells used as money |
|
2000 BCE |
|
|
6th century BCE |
|
|
997–1022 CE |
|
|
1821 CE |
|
|
21st century |
|
Answer:
Timeline Events
1200 BCE cowrie shells used
as money
2000 BCE coins made of metal
6th century
BCE currency made of leather and animals
997–1022 CE paper currency made of mulberry trees
1821 CE the gold standard unit of currency
21st
century digital payment and virtual currency
C. Answer
the following questions.
a.
What did people use to make a trade before the
invention of money?
b.
How were temples used as banks in the past?
c.
What was the benefit of using cowrie shells as
money?
d.
Describe the coins invented by Turkey.
e.
Why did the leaders in international finance
introduce the gold standard in currency?
f.
What form of money is being used in the 21st
century?
Answer:
a.
Before the
invention of money, the basis of early commerce was barter, a system of direct
exchange of one product for another.
b.
Temples were used
to store grain and other valuables used in trade as banks.
c.
The benefit of
using cowrie shells as money was that they were similar in size, small, and
durable.
d.
The coins
invented by Turkey were made of electrum, a natural mixture of gold and silver,
shaped like beans, these coins featured the royal symbol, a lion.
e.
The leaders in
international finance introduced the gold standard in currency since the paper
money (promissory note) comes with a number of problems.
f.
The 21st
century has given rise to novel forms of money including digital payment and
virtual currency such as bitcoin.
D. How
might people trade in the next 20 years? What form of money might be used? Talk
to your friends.
Grammar II (page 182)
A. Study
the following sentences and notice simple
past, past continuous and past perfect.
a. While
I was studying, Karen phoned me three times.
b. They
were playing football when the storm started.
c. While
she was working in India, she began to learn Hindi.
d. I
had finished the shopping when I met Manoj.
e. When
we got to the party, most people had already left.
f. It
was the best movie I'd ever seen.
g. He
had already read the book so I gave it to his sister.
h. She
had known him since they were children.
i.
In 2005, I was living in Biratnagar.
j.
She called me yesterday.
Answer:
a. past continuous and simple past
b. past continuous and simple past
c. past continuous and simple past
d. past perfect and simple past
e. simple past and past perfect
f. simple past and past perfect
g. past perfect and simple past
h. past perfect and simple past
i. past continuous
j. simple past
B. Use
simple past,
past continuous or past perfect forms of the verbs in the brackets to complete the
following sentences.
a.
Mr. Singh ………. (wait) for me when I reached the
station.
b.
A: What …………… (do) this time yesterday?
B: I was reading a novel.
c.
A: ………….. (go) out last night?
B: No,
I was too busy to go out.
d.
A: Was Sapana at the party?
e.
B: Yes, she ………. (dance) with Ravi.
f.
A: What ………. (do) when the earthquake occurred?
B: I was cooking meal.
g.
He …........ (fall) off the wall when Sanam
pushed him.
h.
I ………. (be) really in a difficult situation when
I lost the job.
i.
When I was young, I ………….. (want) to become a
doctor.
j.
I ……………. (do) my homework when the telephone
rang.
k.
When I last saw Kiran, he ………… (work) in his
garden.
Answer:
a. was waiting
b. were you doing
c. Did you go
d. danced
e. were you doing
f. fell
g. was
h. wanted
i. was doing
j. was working
B. Find
the mistakes in the story below and correct the verb forms throughout.
This happens to me when I was in India. I used to go to my office by
train. On this particular evening, I hurry to my station but when I reached
there, the train has already gone. I bought a newspaper and packet of biscuits
and sit on the bench. While I am reading, a man came and sits down opposite me.
There was nothing special about him, except that he is very tall. I was still
reading when my eyes catch a very strange sight. The man reached over the
table, open my packet of biscuits, took one, dip it into his coffee and popped
it into his mouth. I couldn't believe my eyes. But I didn't want to make a
fuss, so I ignored it. I just take a biscuit myself and went back to the
newspaper. While I was pretended to be very interested in the news, the man
took a second biscuit. After a couple of minutes I casually put a biscuit in my
mouth and decide to leave. I was ready to go when the man stood up and
hurriedly leave. I folded my newspaper and stand up. And there on the table,
where my newspaper had been was my packet of biscuits.
Answer:
This happened to me when I was in
India. I used to go to my office by train. On this particular evening, I hurried to my station but when I reached there,
the train had already gone. I bought a
newspaper and packet of biscuits and sat
on the bench. While I was reading, a man
came and sat down opposite me. There was
nothing special about him, except that he was
very tall. I was still reading when my eyes caught
a very strange sight. The man reached over the table, opened my packet of biscuits, took one, dipped it into his coffee and popped it into his
mouth. I couldn't believe my eyes. But I didn't want to make a fuss, so I
ignored it. I just took a biscuit myself
and went back to the newspaper. While I was pretended to be very interested in
the news, the man took a second biscuit. After a couple of minutes I casually
put a biscuit in my mouth and decided to
leave. I was ready to go when the man stood up and hurriedly left. I folded my newspaper and stood up. And there on the table, where my
newspaper had been was my packet of biscuits.
Writing II (page 184)
Do students
need to learn history? Why? Write an essay on ‘The Importance of History’.
Answer:
The Importance of History
We
People live in the present. We plan for the future and worry about it. On the
other hand, history is the study of the past. Everything that has been done is
"history," and because historical periods like colonialism,
industrialization, and so forth shaped modern civilization, history has a
direct impact on us every day.
History is an
immutable component that can be consulted for knowledge and insight into how
the world came to be at the position it is today and how it will continue to
grow in the future. It spans all cultures, eras, seasons, and locations. The
functions of history can appear harder to define than those of engineering or
medicine in a culture that quite rightly wants education to serve beneficial
goals. The results of historical study are less immediate and sometimes less
tangible than those that come from some other disciplines, yet they are
nevertheless very important and even essential.
History has
already been justified for reasons that we no longer accept. No matter how it
is studied, history is an essential part of our understanding of the world. It
helps us to make sense of the present, and to prepare for the future. It
enables us to see the interconnectedness of events, and to understand cause and
effect. It helps us to appreciate the achievements of past cultures, and to
learn from their mistakes.
Additionally,
history gives a sense of continuity and identity. It aids in our understanding
of our origins and identity. It helps us understand our own values and ideas as
well as the diversity of the civilizations throughout the world. Most
importantly, history offers a base upon which later generations can develop.
Future generations will inherit it from us, and it is something we all have in
common.
We can gain a lot
of knowledge from history. We can discover the past's influence on the present.
We can discover more about various cultures and their historical interactions.
We can discover more about economics and the historical development of other
societies. We can discover more about the natural world and its historical
impact on humanity. In summary, history is a wealth of knowledge that can teach
us about the world we live in.
Therefore,
history is an essential part of our lives. It provides us with a sense of
identity and continuity, and helps us to understand the world around us. It is
an important tool for learning and preparing for the future, and it is
something that we all share in common.
For previous exercises CLICK HERE.
For Contents CLICK HERE.
For unit thirteen CLICK HERE.
For unit fifteen CLICKHERE.
Other notes
For class 6 CLICK HERE.
For unit 7 CLICK HERE.
For class 11 CLICK HERE.
For class 12 CLICK HERE.
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