Unit 14 (Grade 9) History and Civilization (Part I)

 Unit 14 History and Civilization

 

Look at the picture and talk about human evolution.

Reading I (page 169)

Look at the following pictures and answer these questions.

a.      What is the name of the invention shown in the picture?

b.      Who was it developed by?

The Maya Empire

A.   Match the following words from the text with their meanings.

a.      drought     i.  an instance of a large number of people or things arriving somewhere

b.      excel         ii.  a picture representing a word, syllable or sound

c.      hieroglyph iii.  to be very good at doing something

d.      dominant  iv. digging ground to look for old buried buildings or objects

e.      concentration v.  a long period of time when there is little or no rain

f.       invasion  vi. a lot of something in one place

g.      excavation vii.  more important, powerful or easy to notice than other things

Answer:

a.      drought              v.  a long period of time when there is little or no rain

b.      excel                  iii.  to be very good at doing something

c.      hieroglyph        ii.  a picture representing a word, syllable or sound

d.      dominant           vii.  more important, powerful or easy to notice than other things

e.      concentration   vi. a lot of something in one place

f.       invasion            i. an instance of a large number of people or things arriving somewhere

g.      excavation        iv. digging ground to look for old buried buildings or objects

 

B. Find the words in the text and fill in the crossword puzzle.

Across

2. people who follow each other in time or order

4. a loss of power, prosperity or status

5. complete with regard to every detail

6. a union or association formed for mutual benefit

Down

1. complete disorder and confusion

3. very complicated and detailed

7. to use all of something so that there is none left

Answer:

Across

2. succession

4. downfall

5. torture

6. alliance

Down

1. chaos

3. elaborate

7. exhaust

 

C. Choose the correct answer.

a. When did the Maya Civilisation reach its height?

i. sixth century AD   ii. ninth century AD             iii. 250 AD

b. Why were the Mayas unlikely to be invaded by the Mesoamericans?

i. They had scattered to many places. ii. They were concentrated in a particular area. iii. They lived together with their relatives.

c. What has fascinated researchers about the Mayas from the southern lowlands?

i. the stone cities       ii. the cultural differences

iii. the pyramid buildings

d. Which period of the Maya Civilisation is considered the golden age?

i. The Medieval Period        ii. The Classic Period iii. The Pre-Classic Period

e. Whom did the Mayas consider their god?

i. nature          ii. the king                 iii. the people

f. According to scholars, which of the following is NOT the cause of Maya downfall? 

i. environmental exhaustion  ii. internal warfare iii. foreign invasion

Answer:

a. i. sixth century AD 

b. ii. They were concentrated in a particular area.

c. i. the stone cities  

d. ii. The Classic Period

e. i. nature 

f. iii. foreign invasion

 

D. Match the paragraph numbers with respective information.

a.                   I           i.          occupation of the earliest Maya society

b.                  II         ii.        number of people in the Maya civilisation

c.                   III        iii.  achievement by the Maya civilisation in different sectors

d.                  IV       iv.        places where the Mayas lived

e.                   V         v.         categories of the places where the Mayans lived

f.                    VI       vi.   spirituality of the Mayan people

g.                  VII      vii.  fights with the neighbouring states as the possible cause of downfall

h.                  VIII     viii.  time when the downfall of the Maya Civilisation started

 

Answer:

I-I, II- iv, III-v, IV-iii, V-ii, VI-vi, VII-viii, VIII-vii

E.  Why is the study of history important to us? Prepare a mindmap of your thoughts and discuss with your friends.

 

Grammar I (page 176)

A. Compare what Samita said in the past and what she says now.

FIVE YEARS AGO

I travel a lot.                                                     I'm a hotel receptionist.

I play the piano.                                               I've got lots of friends.

I'm very lazy.                                                    I never read newspapers.

I don't like cheese.                                          I don't drink tea.

I've got a dog.                                                   I go to a lot of parties.

 

 

TODAY

I eat a lot of cheese now.                                My dog died two years ago.

I work very hard these days.                          I read a newspaper every day now.

I work in a bookshop now.                            I haven't been to a party for ages.

I don't know many people these days.          I haven't played the piano for years.

I don't go away much these days.                 Tea's great! I like it now.

 

Now, make sentences using used to/didn't use to/never used to as in the example.

Example:  She used to travel a lot but she doesn't go away much these days.

She used to travel a lot but she doesn't go away much these days.

She used to play the piano but she hasn't played the piano for years.

She used to be very lazy but she works very hard these days.

She didn't use to like cheese but she eats a lot of cheese now.

She used to have a dog but her dog died two years ago.

She used to be a hotel receptionist but she works in a bookshop now.

She used to have lots of friends but she doesn't know many people these days.

She didn't use to read newspapers but she reads a newspaper every day now.

She didn't use to drink tea but she likes it now.

She used to go to a lot of parties but she hasn't been to a party for ages.

A. Rewrite the following sentences using used to or didn't use to.

a.       I lived with my parents.

b.      Did you swim in the river every summer?

c.       He never smoked.

d.      I played tennis at school.

e.       Villagers walked for hours to reach the nearest health post.

f.        There was a dense forest around the village.

g.      What did you do in your childhood?

h.      I didn't write stories.

i.        Did people travel by airplanes?

j.        Where did you go to deposit your money?

 

Answer:

a.       I used to live with my parents.

b.      Did you use to swim in the river every summer?

c.       He didn't use to smoke.

d.      I used to play tennis at school.

e.       Villagers used to walk for hours to reach the nearest health post.

f.        There used to be a dense forest around the village.

g.      What did you use to do in your childhood?

h.      I didn't use to write stories.

i.        Did people use to travel by airplanes?

j.        Where did you use to go to deposit your money?

 

Writing I (page 176)

A. Read the following story carefully. Then give it a suitable title.

There lived a fox in a forest.  One day, he thought of a plan to have fun with a stork from the same forest. The fox always used to laugh at the appearance of the stork.

"You must come and dine with me today," he said to the stork, smiling to himself at the trick he was going to play. The stork gladly accepted the invitation and arrived in good time and with a very good appetite.

For dinner the fox served soup. But it was set out in a very shallow dish, and all the stork could do was to wet only the tip of his bill. He could not drink a single drop of the soup. But the fox lapped it up easily, and, to increase the disappointment of the stork, made a great show of his enjoyment.

The hungry stork was much displeased at the trick, but he was a calm-tempered fellow and saw no good in flying into a rage. Instead, not long afterward, he invited the fox to dine with him in turn. The fox arrived promptly at the time that had been set, and the stork served a fish dinner that had a very appetizing smell. But it was served in a tall jar with a very narrow neck. The stork could easily get at the food with his long bill, but the fox could only lick the outside of the jar, and sniff at the delicious smell. And when the fox lost his temper, the stork said calmly, "Do not play tricks on your neighbours unless you can stand the same treatment yourself."

Answer:

The Fox and the Stork

B. Develop readable stories based on the given outlines.

a. A king……….enemies defeat him six times…… hides in a cave……… sees a spider……….. climbing the wall…………fails for six times ………. succeeds on the 7^th attempt ………. the king learns a lesson. ……..  collects courage and attacks enemies……… succeed…….. moral

Answer:

A Defeated King

Once upon a time, there was a king. His name was Robert Bruce. He was attacked by other kings. He was defeated by them. After being beaten by his enemies, he lost his kingdom. At any costs, he wanted to retake his kingdom. He fought fiercely. He made a big troop of soldiers. He attacked them but failed each and every time. He did six efforts but he had bad fortune. Each time he got beaten. Finally, he decided to escape from there. He left there and started to live in a cave.

 

While he was staying in the cave, he saw a spider. The spider was trying to climb the cave's roof. But he failed each and every time. The spider failed six times but didn’t lose hope. It tried again and on the seventh attempt it got success. The king felt quite motivated. He gathered his forces, attacked his enemies, boldly engaged them for the seventh time, and ultimately succeeded over them. As a result, he found his lost kingdom.

 

Moral: Perseverance is the root of success.

b. Two friends meet a bear….one climbs a tree …the other lies down as if dead….the  bear smells his limbs…..goes away…..the first man comes down and asks….what the bear said……"beware of friends who run away  in danger."…..moral

Answer:

Selfish Friend

Once upon a time two friends were strolling through the woods. They were aware that anything bad may happen to them in the jungle at any time. They thus made a promise to one another that they would stick together in the event of danger. Thus they were walking very carefully in the forest.

They were frightened because they saw a big bear heading their way. Immediately, one of the friends climbed a neighboring tree. The other, though, was unable to climb. So, following his common sense, he collapsed on the ground, appearing to be dead.

The bear approached the man who was supine. It smelled in his ears before gently leaving the area. The bear thought that he was dead so it left him. It was because bears do not handle the dead animals. The other friend who was on the tree became surprise. He said, "What did the bear say into your ears, my friend?" The friend on the on the ground replied, "The bear cautioned me not to believe on deceptive friend."

    

    Moral: True Friend is the one who always supports and stands by you in any situation.

For remaining exercises CLICK HERE.

For Contents CLICK HERE.

For unit thirteen CLICK HERE.

Other notes

For class 6 CLICK HERE.

For unit 7 CLICK HERE.

For class 11 CLICK HERE.

For class 12 CLICK HERE.