Unit 4 (Work and Leisure) Class 10 - Part I

Unit 4: Work and Leisure

Reading I (page 51)

Cabbage White

A. Match the following meanings in the left column with the correct words in the right.

a. to laugh at somebody in an unkind way                                    i. frown
b. very unpleasant                                                                            ii. plead
c. to twist and turn body or part of it with quick, short movements iii. open-mouthed
d. in a cheerful way                                                              iv. dispute
e. very surprised or shocked                                               v. hideous
f. to ask for something in a serious and emotional way  vi. gaily
g. to make a facial expression indicating disapproval    vii. mock
h. to argue or disagree strongly with somebody              viii. wriggle

Answer
a. to laugh at somebody in an unkind way                        vii. mock
b. very unpleasant                                                                v. hideous
c. to twist and turn body or part of it with quick, short movements      viii. wriggle
d. in a cheerful way                                                              vi. gaily
e. very surprised or shocked                                               iii. open-mouthed
f. to ask for something in a serious and emotional way  ii. plead
g. to make a facial expression indicating disapproval    i. frown
h. to argue or disagree strongly with somebody              iv. dispute

B. The word tiptoe refers to the way of walking with one's heels off the ground, in order to make them taller or to move very quietly. Consult a dictionary and find the meanings of the following words related to walking.

sneak stroll lurch  stagger          stride stumble

Answer
sneak-to move in a stealthy or quiet manner, especially to avoid being noticed or heard
stroll- to walk in a leisurely way, often for pleasure or exercise
lurch - to walk unsteadily or staggeringly, as if about to fall
stagger- to walk unsteadily or move from side to side, as if about to fall, usually due to being unbalanced or intoxicated
stride - to walk with long steps in a confident or purposeful manner
stumble- to trip or lose one's balance while walking, often due to an obstacle or uneven surface

C. Answer these questions.

a. Why do you think the man frowned his face when Sarah and Jamie gave him their school card?

b. Why were Sarah and Jamie looking for a job instead of going to school?

c. Why was the man ready to give them work in his farm?

d. What work were they supposed to do at the man's farm?

e. Were there really a million or billion caterpillars in the cabbage field? If not, what do Sarah and Jamie mean by a million or billion caterpillars?

f. What were Sarah and Jamie desperate about?

g. What was Sarah's 'brilliant' idea?

h. Were the children happy with their work? Give reasons for your answer.

i. Why did they run away from the farm secretly?

 

Answer:

a. The man frowned when Sarah and Jamie gave him their school card because it was unusual for children of their age to be seeking work instead of attending school

b. Sarah and Jamie were looking for a job instead of going to school because they were on holiday and wanted to earn some money to support their parents during their time off from school.

c. The man was ready to give them work in his farm because he needed someone to eliminate all the caterpillars in the cabbage patch.

d. They were supposed to check every single cabbage in the garden and eliminate all the caterpillars by picking them off and collecting them in pails.

e. No, there were not really a million or billion caterpillars in the cabbage field. Sarah and Jamie were exaggerating to emphasize the overwhelming number of caterpillars they believed they would encounter, considering the vastness of the cabbage patch.

f. Sarah and Jamie were desperate because the job of removing caterpillars from the cabbage field proved to be much more challenging and time-consuming than they initially anticipated.

g. Sarah's "brilliant" idea was to eliminate the butterflies, so there won't be any more eggs and producing more caterpillars.

h. The children were not happy with their work. They became exhausted and realized that their method of eliminating the butterflies had caused significant damage to the cabbages.

i. They ran away from the farm secretly because they were worried that the farmer, who knew their names but not where they lived, would be upset about the devastation caused to the cabbage patch. They wanted to avoid any potential consequences or confrontations.

 

D. Read the story and write 'True' for true staten1ents, and 'False' for false ones. If the information is not given in the text write 'Not Given'.

a.      Sarah and Jarnie's parents were unable to work to support the family.

b.      Sarah and Jamie have never been to school.

c.      The man decides to pay them upon the completion of their work.

d.      Sarah and Jarnie had not expected to find so many caterpillars in the cabbage field.

e.      Sarah's idea finally worked to finish off their job.

f.       They were caught by the farm owner while running away.

 

Answer:

a. Sarah and Jamie's parents were unable to work to support the family. Not Given
b. Sarah and Jamie have never been to school. False
c. The man decides to pay them upon the completion of their work. True
d. Sarah and Jamie had not expected to find so many caterpillars in the cabbage field. True
e. Sarah's idea finally worked to finish off their job. True
f. They were caught by the farm owner while running away. False

Grammar I

A. Read the story below and tell what the underlined words are used for.

A Heron was walking sedately along the bank of a river. All he could see on the clear water was a little fish. "This might be a good breakfast for me,'' thought the Heron. Suddenly his eyes fell upon a big octopus passing by. "Master Heron should not be happy with such a tiny fish," he said to himself. "I wouldn't even trouble to open my beak for anything like that while I may have a lovely dinner. But I must play a trick on the octopus or it will escape." The fish and the octopus were smarter than the Heron. They swam into the depths of the river and disappeared. The poor Heron had to be content for breakfast on a tiny Snail.

Answer:

could = ability/possibility

might= possibility

should= obligation

wouldn’t = negative conditional

must= obligation/necessity

had to = obligation/necessity

 

B. Complete the sentences below with the correct words given below.

could        can't        must       may        should       might       would

a. This    be Safal's coat. It is too small for him.

b. ............. you please tell me the way to the airport?

c. ............. you like to stay with us at the weekend?

d. Do you know where Jack is? He............. be in his office.

e. The sky is overcast. It        rain in the afternoon.

f. Sanam has been working in the field all day. She ............. be tired.

g. The film is really wonderful. You          see it at least once.

Answer:

a. This can't be Safal's coat. It is too small for him.

b. Could you please tell me the way to the airport?

c. Would you like to stay with us at the weekend?

d. Do you know where Jack is? He might be in his office.

e. The sky is overcast. It may rain in the afternoon.

f. Sanam has been working in the field all day. She must be tired.

g. The film is really wonderful. You should see it at least once.

                              

C. Complete the sentences below with must or can't in the blank spaces.

a. The man is looking around. He  be lost.

b. He .......... be a doctor. He has not studied medicine.

c. Sushmita failed the test although she is a smart student. She ......... have prepared well this time.

d. The restaurant always serves really good food. They..... have employed excellent chefs.

e. There ............................ be something wrong with the fan. It is making an unusual sound.

f. This .................... be Sumana's book. There is a stamp of the library on it.

g. He .......................... have had hard times. He has lost his job and has to support his elderly parents.

Answer:

a. The man is looking around. He must   be lost.

b. He can't be a doctor. He has not studied medicine.

c. Sushmita failed the test although she is a smart student. She must have prepared well this time.

d. The restaurant always serves really good food. They must have employed excellent chefs.

e. There must be something wrong with the fan. It is making an unusual sound.

f. This can't be Sumana's book. There is a stamp of the library on it.

g. He must have had hard times. He has lost his job and has to support his elderly parents.

Writing

Read the following advertisement carefully and write a letter of job application for the advertised post. Consider yourself to be eligible for the post you want to apply.

 

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