Unit 9: History and Culture (Class 10) Part II

  

Unit 9: History and Culture

Reading II (page 144)

Flowers in Russian Culture

A. Find out the single words for the following meanings.

a. a strong, usually pleasant smell ……………

b. different colours of paint, especially as used by an artist ……………

c. to a great degree ……………

d. lasting only a short time ……………

e. the act or process of producing children or baby animals ……………

f. enclose (something) in or as if in a capsule ……………

g. a type of treatment which involves massaging the body with special fragrant oils ……………

h. causing to be kept away ……………

i. to be a sign of something that will happen in the future ……………

Answer:

a. aroma

b. palette

c. immensely

d. fleeting

e. procreation

f. encapsulate

g. aromatherapy

h. repellent

i. foreshadow

B. Words like gift-giving, heartwarming, cardboard, etc., are compound words. Make a list of such compound words from the text.

Answer:

Flower-gifting

Heartwarming

Cardboard

Aromatherapy

Lesser-known

Fortune-telling

Self-murmured

Newly-wed

C. Complete the sentences below with the correct information from the text.

a. People do not care which flowers they are receiving as long as the flowers are beautiful and they give............

b. Flowers are gifted worldwide to express ..............

c. Following the strict flower............ while gifting flowers in Russia saves you from offending people.

d. Red carnations symbolize ............ produced by the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party of Bolsheviks.

e. Russian people believe that the white carnation............. so, we should not gift them to performers.

f. Russian people do not gift red puppy flowers to their ............. because they think if they do so their love becomes weak.

g. When Russians want break-up from their beloved ones they gift ..........

h. Chamomiles have............. values so they can be used for the treatment of fatal diseases.

i. We should not gift a white lily bouquet in a Russian wedding as it symbolizes .............

 

Answer:

a. People do not care which flowers they are receiving as long as the flowers are beautiful and they give a pleasant aroma.

b. Flowers are gifted worldwide to express love and affection.

c. Following the strict flower etiquette while gifting flowers in Russia saves you from offending people.

d. Red carnations symbolize the revolution of February 1917 produced by the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party of Bolsheviks.

e. Russian people believe that the white carnation symbolizes bad omen so, we should not gift them to performers.

f. Russian people do not gift red puppy flowers to their beloved ones because they think if they do so their love becomes weak.

g. When Russians want break-up from their beloved ones they gift a bunch of yellow flowers.

h. Chamomiles have a vast range of medicinal values so they can be used for the treatment of fatal diseases.

i. We should not gift a white lily bouquet in a Russian wedding as it symbolizes death.

 

D. Answer these questions.

a. Mention any two reasons for which people gift flowers to others.

b. How do people feel when they are gifted flowers?

c. What determines the selection of flowers for gifting in Russia?

d. Which event in Russian history is reflected by the red carnation?

e. Does a Russian like to keep a white carnation under his/ her pillow? Why?

f. What's the reason for connecting the red puppy with fragile love?

g. What makes the Russian people eat red puppy seeds in their wedding?

h. Do you prefer to grow chamomile in your garden? Why?

i. What colour is chamomile?

j. Write the names of two flowers used for fortune telling.

k. Which flower is mostly used in Russian weddings?

 

Answer:

a. The two reasons for which people gift flowers to others are:

- Flowers are a staple item in the gift-giving world.

-They are a thoughtful gestures of good will.

b. People feel happy, loved, and appreciated when they receive flowers.

c. The selection of flowers for gifting in Russia is determined by flower etiquette, which includes the meanings and symbolism associated with different flowers.

d. The red carnation symbolizes the 1917 October Revolution produced by the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party of Bolsheviks.

e. No, a Russian does not like to keep a white carnation under their pillow because it is believed to symbolize death.

f. The red puppy is connected with fragile love because Russian people believe that giving red puppy flowers to their sweethearts weakens their love.

g. Eating red puppy seeds in their wedding is believed to bring happiness and fertility to the newlyweds.

h. Yes, I do. Chamomile is a popular flower due to its medicinal properties and is easy to grow in a garden.

i. Chamomile is typically white with yellow centers.

j. Two flowers commonly used for fortune telling are chamomile and lily.

k. The flower mostly used in Russian weddings is the white lily.

 

E. Do you know other flowers that are commonly used for gifting? Write the names of those flowers and the occasions on which they are gifted.

Roses

Lotus

Lilies

Marigold

Sunflowers

Jasmine

Tulips

Daisies

Orchids

 

Grammar Il

A. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in the brackets.

a. The children... five minutes ago. (arrive)

b. Ramchandra....... the ticket before he went to the cinema. (buy)

c. Alexander...... one-fourth of the world before he was thirty. (conquer)

d. When she came out of the airport, nobody.... for her. (wait)

f. I found a thousand rupee note in my pants pocket while .......... it. (wash)

g. Somebody ……... at my door while I was taking a rest. (knock)

h. Every year, he........some money which he spent to buy a new house. (save)

i. I ............ my breakfast before I went to work. (have)

j. The train....... before we reached the station. (leave)

 

Answer:

a. The children arrived five minutes ago.

b. Ramchandra had bought the ticket before he went to the cinema.

c. Alexander had conquered one-fourth of the world before he was thirty.

d. When she came out of the airport, nobody was waiting for her.

f. I found a thousand rupee note in my pants pocket while was washing it.

g. Somebody knocked at my door while I was taking a rest.

h. Every year, he had saved some money which he spent to buy a new house.

i. I was having my breakfast before I went to work.

j. The train had left before we reached the station.

 

B. Complete the story below with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.

A young lady......... (enter) a shop in Birendranagar, Surkhet. She.......... (put) a few items of food in a bag. She............. (choose) a time when not many people.......... (be) there in the street. She......... (wait) for the moment when no one else would see her running away. When the shopkeeper ……... (check) the goods, she gave him a thousand-rupee note. As soon as the shopkeeper ......... (open) the box, she......... (snatch) all the money from it. Meanwhile, she ……....(run) out of the shop before the shopkeeper.......... (ralise) what……... (happen) When the shopkeeper............ (check) the amount in the box, he ........... (find) that the thief..........(take) only Rs. 450. As the thief.......... (leave) a thousand-rupee note behind, the operation.......... (cost) her Rs. 550.

 

Answer:

A young lady entered a shop in Birendranagar, Surkhet. She put a few items of food in a bag. She chose a time when not many people were there in the street. She waited for the moment when no one else would see her running away. When the shopkeeper checked the goods, she gave him a thousand-rupee note. As soon as the shopkeeper opened the box, she snatched all the money from it. Meanwhile, she had run out of the shop before the shopkeeper realised what had happened When the shopkeeper checked the amount in the box, he found that the thief had taken only Rs. 450. As the thief had left a thousand-rupee note behind, the operation cost her Rs. 550.

 

Writing II

A. Write a story using the outlines given below.

The Bat, the Birds, and the Beasts a great conflict between the birds and the beasts.......two armies collected together.........the bat refuses to join...... says he is a beast......... beasts requests......... says he is a bird.. peace made, no battle........ rejoicing..........bat wishes to join both turn against him.... threaten to tear into pieces.......... bat flies away...... moral

Answer:

A War between the Birds and the Beasts

Once upon a time, in the heart of a dense and ancient forest, there was a great conflict between the birds and the beasts. Both sides were determined to prove their superiority over the other. The bat, who had always been a friend to both the birds and the creatures, refused to support either side as the conflict deepened. He merely responded that he was a beast and could not support the birds when questioned as to why. He refused to join the monsters when they begged him to do so, claiming that as a bird he was powerless to battle them. The birds and the creatures ultimately decided to make peace and avoid a bloody war after considerable discussion. They thrilled at the thought of coexistence once more. However, as the festivities were in progress, the bat approached the birds and the animals, wanting to take part in the fun.

To his surprise, he was attacked by both sides who were upset with him for not supporting them during the battle. The bat fled in fear for his life, never to return, after they threatened to cut him to pieces for his treachery.

Moral: Don’t be opportunist.

 

B. Write a story that begins with the sentence 'One warm summer afternoon and was dozing when a grasshopper disturbed it with a very raspy song.

Answer:

The Owl & the Grasshopper

Once there were an owl and a grasshopper. The owl was very wise. The wise old Owl was well aware that arguing with the Grasshopper—or anybody else, for that matter—would not be beneficial. She also didn't have sharp enough eyes during the day to give the Grasshopper the punishment he deserved. She then spoke to him in a very gentle manner, setting aside all harsh comments.

"Well gentleman," she responded, "if I have to stay up, I'm going to settle down right now to enjoy your singing. Then again, I do have some lovely wine here that was delivered to me from Olympus and that I've been informed Apollo consumes before he sings to the great gods. Please join me in tasting this tasty beverage. You'll start singing like Apollo, I'm sure of it.

The gullible Grasshopper fell for the charming remarks of the Owl. The elderly Owl pounced on him and devoured him as soon as he was close enough for her to see him properly as he leaped up to the owl's den.

Moral: Flattery is not a proof of true admiration.

 

 

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