Grade 8 (Unit 11) Sir Isaac Newton (Reading I)

 Unit 11

 

Reading I (page 129)

Sir Isaac Newton

A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

a. apology                  i. forgetful

b. absent-minded      ii. unable to understand; confused

c. couch                     iii. made something discontinue

d. curved                    iv. a person who receives other people as guests

e. dull                         v. the force of attraction

f. gravity                    vi. a feeling of amazement and admiration

g. host                        vii. lacking interest or excitement

h. interrupted            viii. a bent line; not a straight line

i. puzzled                   ix. sofa

j. wonder                    x. saying sorry

Answer                            

a. apology                  x. saying sorry

b. absent-minded      i. forgetful

c. couch                      ix. sofa

d. curved                    viii. a bent line; not a straight line

e. dull                         vii. lacking interest or excitement

f. gravity                    v. the force of attraction

g. host                         iv. a person who receives other people as guests

h. interrupted             iii. made something discontinue

i. puzzled                   ii. unable to understand; confused

j. wonder                    vi. a feeling of amazement and admiration

B. Choose the correct words/phrases from the box to complete the following sentences.

[gravitation, absent-mindedness, interrupted, couch, telescopes, curved, dull, hosted, tired of]

a. The construction work got …………... because of the heavy rain.

b. Newton used curved mirrors in……… … instead of lenses.

c. My grandmother keeps forgetting things. She is suffering from ……….. …

d. Anisha came into my room and sat on the ………..….

e. Please draw a ..curved… line on the white board, not a straight one.

f. Particles are attracted to each other by ……. …..

g. Newton was a ……..….boy in his childhood.

h. My friend …………… a birthday party yesterday.

i. I got ………. … working the whole day. I want to rest for some time.

Answer                            

a. The construction work got interrupted because of the heavy rain.

b. Newton used curved mirrors in telescopes instead of lenses.

c. My grandmother keeps forgetting things. She is suffering from absent-mindedness

d. Anisha came into my room and sat on the couch.

e. Please draw a curved line on the white board, not a straight one.

f. Particles are attracted to each other by gravitation.

g. Newton was a dull boy in his childhood.

h. My friend hosted a birthday party yesterday.

i. I got tired of working the whole day. I want to rest for some time.

 

C. Read the text again and write whether the following statements are True or False.

a. Sir Isaac Newton’s father was a lawyer.

b. Newton received his father’s affection during his childhood.

c. In the beginning, Newton was not good at his studies.

d. The fallen apple helped Newton develop the theory of gravitation.

e. Newton’s mind always remained full of problems and thoughts.

f. He lived with his wife and children in his later years.

Answer                            

a. Sir Isaac Newton’s father was a lawyer. False

b. Newton received his father’s affection during his childhood. False

c. In the beginning, Newton was not good at his studies. True

d. The fallen apple helped Newton develop the theory of gravitation. True

e. Newton’s mind always remained full of problems and thoughts. True

f. He lived with his wife and children in his later years. False

D. Answer these questions.

a. How was Newton in his studies in his early life?

b. Which subjects did Newton study at Cambridge University?

c. What changes did Newton make to telescopes?

d. Why do you think Newton forgot his food and friends at times?

Answer                            

a. In his early life, Newton was not good at his studies. He was considered a dull boy.

b. Newton studied mathematics and science at Cambridge University.

c. Newton made changes to telescopes by using curved mirrors instead of lenses.

d. I think Newton forgot his food and friends at times because he was always thinking about his work. He was very devoted and so focused on his work that he sometimes forgot about the things that were happening around him.

E. Find some other discoveries Newton has made.

Answer                            

Some other discoveries that Newton has made are:

The composition of white light: Newton discovered that white light is actually a mixture of all the colours of the rainbow.

The theory of gravitation: Newton’s theory of gravitation describes the force that attracts all objects in the universe to each other.

Mathematics: Newton developed calculus independently of the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. His work laid the foundation for differential and integral calculus, which became essential tools in mathematics and physics.

He also made advances in the study of infinite series and binomial theorem.

Calculus is a powerful mathematical tool that is used in many different fields, including physics, engineering, and economics.

The laws of motion: Newton’s three laws of motion are the foundation of classical mechanics. They describe the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration.

The reflecting telescope: Newton invented the reflecting telescope, which uses curved mirrors to collect light. Reflecting telescopes are more powerful than refracting telescopes, which use lenses to collect light.

Alchemy: Newton was also engaged in alchemical studies, attempting to transform base metals into gold and searching for the philosopher's stone. While these pursuits are not scientifically significant, they provide insights into the historical context of Newton's time.

Optics: Newton conducted experiments with prisms and demonstrated that white light could be split into its component colors through the process of refraction. He showed that light is composed of a spectrum of colors. He published his findings in "Opticks," where he discussed his theory of colors and the nature of light.

Mathematics:

These contributions collectively established Newton as one of the most influential scientists in history.

Grammar I

A. Complete the following sentences with the correct relative pronouns — who, where, whose, which, that, and when.

a. The couple …………… live next door has six grandchildren.

b. The house, …………… is painted in red, is mine.

c. The woman house …………… was broken into called the police.

d. The car ……………  my uncle bought is quite comfortable.

e. This is the school …………… I study now.

f. This is the place ……………I was born and brought up.

g. My uncle, …………… is in the army came to see us.

h. We have a friend…………… plays the Madal well.

i. Is there anything, …………… I can do to help you?

j. She remembered the day …………… she met her husband for the first time.

Answer

a. The couple who live next door has six grandchildren.

b. The house, which is painted in red, is mine.

c. The woman house which was broken into called the police.

d. The car which my uncle bought is quite comfortable.

e. This is the school where I study now.

f. This is the place where I was born and brought up.

g. My uncle, who is in the army came to see us.

h. We have a friend who plays the Madal well.

i. Is there anything, which I can do to help you?

j. She remembered the day when she met her husband for the first time.

 

B. Join the following pairs of sentences using suitable relative pronouns.

a. We know the woman. She donated this money.

b. We walked past my old school. It is celebrating its 50th anniversary this month.

c. I met the woman yesterday. I had helped her last month.

d. A new headteacher is going to be appointed next month. It is good.

e. Bring me the file. The file is on the table.

f. This is the player. The committee appointed him the captain.

g. We met a girl. The girl has lost her way.

h. This is the house. Naresh built it.

i. Mandy is the girl. I am using her car today.

Answer

a. We know the woman who donated this money.

b. We walked past my old school which is celebrating its 50th anniversary this month.

c. I met the woman yesterday whom I had helped last month.

d. A new headteacher is going to be appointed next month which is good.

e. Bring me the file which is on the table.

f. This the player whom the committee appointed the captain.

g. We met a girl who has lost her way.

h. This is the house which Naresh built.

i. Mandy is the girl whose car I am using today.

 

Writing I

Study the information below about Pasang Lhamu Sherpa; the first Nepali woman to scale Mt. Everest. Write a short biography of her based on the given information.

Answer

Pasang Lhamu Sherpa, a very popular figure in mountaineering history, holds the distinction of being the first Nepali woman to conquer the most difficult heights of Mt. Everest. Born on December 10, 1961, in the Khumbu region of Nepal, she was destined to leave a permanent mark on the world of mountain climbing. She grew up in a family of deeply rooted in mountaineering.

Pasang Lhamu grew up in the shadow of the towering peaks of the Himalayas, surrounded by a community with a deep connection to the mountains. Her early life was marked by the challenges of living in a remote region, but she possessed an innate spirit of adventure and a determination that would eventually propel her to unprecedented heights.

In a time when mountaineering was predominantly a male-dominated pursuit, Pasang Lhamu defied societal norms and set her sights on conquering Everest. Her journey to the summit was not only a personal triumph but a groundbreaking achievement for women in the field of mountaineering.

Finally, on April 22, 1993, Pasang Lhamu Sherpa accomplished her lifelong dream by successfully reaching the summit of Mount Everest, etching her name as the first Nepali woman to achieve this feat. Tragically, she died by facing harsh weather conditions during her descent, at the young age of 31.

Her memory lives on as an enduring symbol of the strength and tenacity of Nepali women in the face of formidable challenges. Pasang Lhamu Sherpa's contributions to mountaineering continue to inspire and pave the way for women seeking to conquer new heights and break through barriers in the world of adventure and exploration.

 

 

For next part CLICK HERE.

For unit twelve CLICK HERE.

For unit ten CLICK HERE.

For Grade 6 CLICK HERE.

For Grade 7 CLICK HERE.

For Grade 8 CLICK HERE.

For Grade 9 CLICK HERE.

For Grade 10 CLICK HERE.

For Grade 11 CLICK HERE.

For Grade 12 CLICK HERE.