English Grammar
Voice
There are two types of voices: Active
and Passive.
Ø Active Voice:
Ram calls Rita.
Ø Passive Voice: Rita is called by Ram.
Active
Voice
When the subject of a sentence is active or performs
the verb’s action, then the sentence is called the sentence of active
voice. Active sentences have a strong, direct, and clear tone. Here are
some examples of active voice.
Examples
of Active Voice:
Mohan writes a letter.
The boy played cricket.
The dog has chased the cat.
All these
three sentences have a basic active voice construction: subject, verb, and
object. The subject Mohan performs the action described
by write. The subject the boy performs the
action described by Played. The subject the dog performs
the action described by chased.
Passive Voice
When
the subject of the action is passive or subject is acted on by the verb then
the sentence is called the sentence of passive voice. The passive voice is
always constructed with the combination form of to be plus
the verb’s past participle (V3). Doing this usually generates a
preposition as well. That sounds much more complicated than it is so passive
voice is actually quite easy to detect. Generally, we can see be+V3
in passive voice.
Examples
of Passive voice:
A letter is written by Mohan.
Cricket was played by the
boy.
The Rat has been chased by
the dog.
The Rules for changing active voice into passive voice are as
follows:
1. The object
of active sentence should be written at first as the subject in passive voice.
Farmers
grow rice. (Rice is object here)
Rice
is grown by farmers. (Rice is used as subject in passive voice)
2. If
there is an auxiliary verb in active voice, it should be written in passive
voice. But the agreement must not be violated. It should be taken into
consideration.
My
father has called me. (has is auxiliary verb here)
I have been
called by my father. (has is changed into have because of subject verb
agreement)
3. Be
verb should be used in the form of main verb.
V1= is /am/ are
V2= was/were
V3= been
V4= being
V5= is/ am/ are
(to/aux.+) V1= (to/aux+) be
My father has called me.
(called is in V3 form here)
I have been
called by my father. (been is the V3 form of 'Be' verb which is
inserterd before V3)
4. Main
verb should be changed into past participle (V3) form.
Play/plays/played/playing = played
Write/wrote/written/writing/writes=
written
(Any form
of main verb should be changed into V3 form in passive voice.)
Farmers grow rice.
(grow is main verb here)
Rice is grown by farmers. (The main verb 'grow' is changed into V3 form i.e grown)
5. If
there are still remaining part of the sentences like adverb, another object,
prepositional phrase and so on, they should be written after verb (But manner
of adverb is written before main verb).
Active: He writes some words on the board.
Passive: Some words are written on the board by him.
Active: People give a warm welcome to the Prime Minister.
Passive: A warm welcome is given to the Prime Minister.
Active: Sabin
speaks Hindi very
well.
Passive: Hindi is very well spoken by Sabin.
6. Subject should be written at last with 'by'. If there
are vague subjects like people, we, they, someone, somebody, everyone,
everybody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, none etc., it is not necessary to
write them with 'by' at last. (But 'not' must be added after auxiliary verb in
those sentences containing no one, nobody and none as subject in active voice.)
Active: Ram killed a snake.
Passive: A snake was killed by Ram.
Active: Kamala paints the wall beautifully
Passive: The wall is beautifully
painted by Kamala.
Active: Everyone is watching the game.
Passive: The game is being watched.
Active: Someone has stolen my pen.
Passive: My pen has been
stolen.
Active: Nobody heard a sound.
Passive: A sound was not
heard.
Active: They are going to destroy the
forest.
Passive: The forest is
going to be destroyed.
Active: I remember somebody giving me a
beautiful gift.
Passive: I remember being given a beautiful
gift.
Different
forms of verb Some examples
V1=
Present (plural) go, play, eat,
run,
write
V2=
Past went, played ate, ran, wrote
V3=
Past participle gone, played, eaten, run, written
V4=
Present participle going, playing, eating, running, writing
V5=
Present (singular) goes, plays, eats, runs, writes
|
Active voice |
Passive voice |
|
1. Sub.+ V1/V5+ Obj. 2. Sub.+is/am/are+V4+Obj. 3. Sub.+ has/have+V3+Obj. 4. Sub.+ V2+Obj. 5. Sub.+ was/were+V4+Obj. 6. Sub.+ had+V3+Obj. 7. Sub.+ will/shall+V1+Obj. 8. Sub.+ will/shall+have+V3+Obj. 9. Sub.+ model aux.+V1+Obj. 10. Sub.+ aux+to+V1+Obj. 11. I+love/enjoy/hate+people+V4+me+… |
1.
Obj.+ is/am/are+ V3(+by+Sub). 2.
Obj.+ is/am/are+being+ V3(+by+Sub). 3.
Obj.+ has/have+been+ V3(+by+Sub). 4.
Obj.+ was/were+ V3(+by+Sub). 5.
Obj.+ was/were+being+ V3(+by+Sub). 6.
Obj.+ had+been+ V3(+by+Sub). 7.
Obj.+ will/shall+be+ V3(+by+Sub). 8. Obj.+ will/shall+have+been +
V3(+by+Sub). 9. Obj.+ model aux.+be+ V3(+by+Sub). 10. Obj.+ aux+to+be+ V3(+by+Sub). 11. I+love/enjoy/hate+being+V3+….
|
The passive form of interrogative
(question) should be in interrogative (question) form.
Active: Are
people destroying the jungle?
Passive: Is the
jungle being destroyed?
Active: What is
he writing?
Passive: What is
being written by him?
Videos for testing the competency of students
(voice)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w4hR0VzN2wc
For Reported Speech CLICK HERE.
For Tense CLICK HERE.
For exercise CLICK HERE
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